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    <id>160199</id>
    <category-id>22</category-id>
    <category-hierarchy>
      <category id="1">Arts &amp; Media</category>
      <category parent_id="1" id="21">Photography Techniques</category>
      <category parent_id="21" id="22">General Photo Techniques</category>
    </category-hierarchy>
    <easy-steps>true</easy-steps>
    <created-at>Fri, 13 Mar 2009 15:04:03 -0700</created-at>
    <filename>/system/videos/4/99/01/16/160199.flv</filename>
    <tags>DIY, Instructional, tutorial, Do It Yourself, Tips, Essential Skills, Learn to, arts, photography, photo</tags>
    <title>How To Make a Pinhole Camera</title>
    <description>
      <![CDATA[In the age of digital cameras and instant gratification, make the simplest camera ever invented using just a light proof box, a hole, and paper. ]]>
    </description>
    <permalink>http://www.howcast.com/videos/160199-How-To-Make-a-Pinhole-Camera</permalink>
    <edit-url>http://www.howcast.com/videos/160199-How-To-Make-a-Pinhole-Camera/edit</edit-url>
    <state>approved</state>
    <duration>239</duration>
    <width>640</width>
    <height>360</height>
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    <rating>17</rating>
    <username>FPAguy5346</username>
    <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/Picture_9_xxlarge_maintained_aspect.png</thumbnail-url>
    <views>7475</views>
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    <ingredients>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[1 clean, 7&quot; tall oatmeal box]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Heavy foil]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Craft or utility knife]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Matte or flat black spray paint]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Black contact paper]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[A No. 16 bead-threading needle]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Epoxy glue]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[White glue]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Handful of cotton swabs]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Electrical tape]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Ruler]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Fine sandpaper]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[Photo emulsion paper]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[A completely dark room]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[A place to develop your film]]>
      </ingredient>
      <ingredient>
        <![CDATA[1 Aluminum soda can]]>
      </ingredient>
    </ingredients>
    <markers>
      <marker>
        <id>61612</id>
        <position>1</position>
        <timemarker>46</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/46.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Clean the box</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Clean out the inside of the oatmeal box, making sure no oatmeal dust or oats are left inside.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Clean out the inside of the oatmeal box, making sure no oatmeal dust or oats are left inside.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61613</id>
        <position>2</position>
        <timemarker>53</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/53.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Remove top and bottom</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Remove the plastic top and bottom from the oatmeal box.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Remove the plastic top and bottom from the oatmeal box.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61614</id>
        <position>3</position>
        <timemarker>57</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/57.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Glue the bottom</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Add a bead of white glue around the lip of the bottom and reattach it. This will ensure no light comes in through the seam.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Add a bead of white glue around the lip of the bottom and reattach it. This will ensure no light comes in through the seam.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61615</id>
        <position>4</position>
        <timemarker>65</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/65.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Paint it black</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Spray paint the inside of the oatmeal box with black paint and let dry. Repeat if necessary. Also spray paint the bottom. Let it dry.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Spray paint the inside of the oatmeal box with black paint and let dry. Repeat if necessary. Also spray paint the bottom. Let it dry.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61616</id>
        <position>5</position>
        <timemarker>77</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/77.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Paint the top</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[While the top is off, add contact paper to the box top, then spray paint it black. Make sure it will still fit on the box.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>While the top is off, add contact paper to the box top, then spray paint it black. Make sure it will still fit on the box.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61617</id>
        <position>6</position>
        <timemarker>87</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/87.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Cut a door</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Use the craft knife to cut a 3-sided rectangle—a long door—about 1.5 inches wide and half an inch tall into the side of the box.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Use the craft knife to cut a 3-sided rectangle—a long door—about 1.5 inches wide and half an inch tall into the side of the box.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61618</id>
        <position>7</position>
        <timemarker>95</timemarker>
        <type>Tip</type>
        <thumbnail-url></thumbnail-url>
        <title></title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Make sure the rectangle is roughly centered and parallel to the bottom of the container.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Make sure the rectangle is roughly centered and parallel to the bottom of the container.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61619</id>
        <position>8</position>
        <timemarker>102</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/102.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Cut a square</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Cut a 2.5-inch square out of heavy aluminum foil.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Cut a 2.5-inch square out of heavy aluminum foil.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61620</id>
        <position>9</position>
        <timemarker>112</timemarker>
        <type>Tip</type>
        <thumbnail-url></thumbnail-url>
        <title></title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[For something sturdier, you can cut the square from the side of the soda can. But be careful, the edges will be extremely sharp.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>For something sturdier, you can cut the square from the side of the soda can. But be careful, the edges will be extremely sharp.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61621</id>
        <position>10</position>
        <timemarker>117</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/117.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Poke a hole</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Using the No. 16 needle, carefully poke a hole into the center of your aluminum square—then sand the hole on both sides with the sandpaper to remove any burrs.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Using the No. 16 needle, carefully poke a hole into the center of your aluminum square—then sand the hole on both sides with the sandpaper to remove any burrs.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61622</id>
        <position>11</position>
        <timemarker>135</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/135.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Poke it again</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Re-drill the same hole, and re-sand it a second time.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Re-drill the same hole, and re-sand it a second time.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61623</id>
        <position>12</position>
        <timemarker>135</timemarker>
        <type>Tip</type>
        <thumbnail-url></thumbnail-url>
        <title></title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Be careful not to touch the hole with your fingers, as natural oils from your skin can clog the hole.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Be careful not to touch the hole with your fingers, as natural oils from your skin can clog the hole.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61624</id>
        <position>13</position>
        <timemarker>143</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/143.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Glue the plate</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Dab a little epoxy on the edges of pinhole plate with a cotton swab, making sure not to come anywhere close to the pinhole, and place the plate on the inside the oatmeal box, with the pinhole centered in the rectangle you cut earlier.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Dab a little epoxy on the edges of pinhole plate with a cotton swab, making sure not to come anywhere close to the pinhole, and place the plate on the inside the oatmeal box, with the pinhole centered in the rectangle you cut earlier.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61625</id>
        <position>14</position>
        <timemarker>155</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/155.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Tape the plate</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Add a strip of electrical tape on all sides of the plate to further secure it into place. This will also help it from sliding as the epoxy dries.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Add a strip of electrical tape on all sides of the plate to further secure it into place. This will also help it from sliding as the epoxy dries.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61626</id>
        <position>15</position>
        <timemarker>168</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/168.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Make a latch</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Add a small piece of tape to the outside of the small door that can keep it closed, then put on the box top.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Add a small piece of tape to the outside of the small door that can keep it closed, then put on the box top.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61627</id>
        <position>16</position>
        <timemarker>178</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/178.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Load the camera</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[When you’re ready to load your pinhole camera for a shoot, take it into a completely dark room. While in the dark, remove the photo emulsion paper from it’s wrapping, and place it inside the pinhole camera, curved around the edge, emulsion-side facing the pinhole.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>When you’re ready to load your pinhole camera for a shoot, take it into a completely dark room. While in the dark, remove the photo emulsion paper from it’s wrapping, and place it inside the pinhole camera, curved around the edge, emulsion-side facing the pinhole.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61628</id>
        <position>17</position>
        <timemarker>191</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/191.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Close the camera</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Close up the box tightly, making sure no light can get in.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Close up the box tightly, making sure no light can get in.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61629</id>
        <position>18</position>
        <timemarker>197</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/197.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Take your shot</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[To shoot a scene, point the doorway toward your subject and open the door for about a 20-second exposure.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>To shoot a scene, point the doorway toward your subject and open the door for about a 20-second exposure.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61630</id>
        <position>19</position>
        <timemarker>207</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/207.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Remove paper</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[After you’ve taken your shot, return to a dark room and remove the paper, making sure to put it back in the lightproof bag it came in.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>After you’ve taken your shot, return to a dark room and remove the paper, making sure to put it back in the lightproof bag it came in.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61631</id>
        <position>20</position>
        <timemarker>218</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/218.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Develop your film</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Either develop the photo yourself in a darkroom, or take your paper your local high-end camera shop to develop it for you.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Either develop the photo yourself in a darkroom, or take your paper your local high-end camera shop to develop it for you.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61632</id>
        <position>21</position>
        <timemarker>227</timemarker>
        <type>Step</type>
        <thumbnail-url>http://img.howcast.com/system/thumbnails/160199/227.jpg</thumbnail-url>
        <title>Eat your oatmeal</title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[Don’t forget to eat your oatmeal.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>Don’t forget to eat your oatmeal.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
      <marker>
        <id>61633</id>
        <position>22</position>
        <timemarker>231</timemarker>
        <type>Fact</type>
        <thumbnail-url></thumbnail-url>
        <title></title>
        <textile-text>
          <![CDATA[The Chinese mentioned pinhole cameras as far back as 500 B.C.]]>
        </textile-text>
        <text>
          <![CDATA[<p>The Chinese mentioned pinhole cameras as far back as 500 B.C.</p>]]>
        </text>
      </marker>
    </markers>
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          <![CDATA[Ok, shutterbug, you need to keep your camera from shaking, but there’s no tripod in sight. Relax--you can still get the perfect shot.]]>
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          <![CDATA[Professional camera cleaning is expensive and usually more than you need. Follow these simple steps to keep your lenses clear and smudge-free.]]>
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          <![CDATA[There was one advantage to storing photos in a shoebox: you didn't have to worry about a computer crash wiping them out!]]>
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          <![CDATA[If you’re still buying film for your camera, it’s time to join the 21st century.]]>
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        <created-at>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 15:32:15 -0700</created-at>
        <rating>8</rating>
        <username>foveacon</username>
        <description>
          <![CDATA[Frustrated by tricky shadows and softer light? These steps make shooting in the shade a breeze.]]>
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        <created-at>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 15:57:21 -0700</created-at>
        <rating>6</rating>
        <username>foveacon</username>
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          <![CDATA[Objects don’t move, are easy to set up, and with a little creativity you can really get some interestingly beautiful shots.]]>
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        <created-at>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 16:15:49 -0700</created-at>
        <rating>9</rating>
        <username>foveacon</username>
        <description>
          <![CDATA[Rely on an external flash to illuminate a scene in ways that a built-in flash simply can’t match.]]>
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        <created-at>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 17:29:08 -0700</created-at>
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        <username>foveacon</username>
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          <![CDATA[Transform bright light from a foe to a friend with a simple polarizing filter.]]>
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        <username>jamiep</username>
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          <![CDATA[The difference between a good fashion shoot and a great one isn’t the model — it’s the lighting.]]>
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